Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - shibboleth
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Shibboleth
shibboleth
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1.
(shibboleths) If you describe an idea or belief as a shibboleth, you mean that it is thought important by a group of people but may be old-fashioned or wrong. (FORMAL) It is time to go beyond the shibboleth that conventional forces cannot deter. N-COUNT ...Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
2.
noun Etymology: Hebrew shibboleth stream; from the use of this word in Judges 12:6 as a test to distinguish Gileadites from Ephraimites Date: 1638 1. a. a word or saying used by adherents of a party, sect, or belief and usually regarded by others as empty of real meaning the old ~s come rolling off their lips — Joseph Epstein b. a widely held belief today this book publishing ~ is a myth — L. A. Wood c. truism, platitude some truth in the ~ that crime does not pay — Lee Rogow 2. a. a use of language regarded as distinctive of a particular group accent was…a ~ of social class — Vivian Ducat b. a custom or usage regarded as distinguishing one group from others for most of the well-to-do in the town, dinner was a ~, its hour dividing mankind — Osbert Sitwell ...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
3.
n. a long-standing formula, doctrine, or phrase, etc., held to be true by a party or sect (must abandon outdated shibboleths). Etymology: ME f. Heb. sibbolet ear of corn, used as a test of nationality for its difficult pronunciation (Judg. 12:6) ...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
4.
1. библ. шибболет 2. книж. примета для опознания 3. книж. тайный пароль 4. неодобр. ходячее словечко, избитый лозунг 5. неодобр. (характерный) предрассудок; традиционное предубеждение old shibboleths are gone —- старые предрассудки развеялись ...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
5.
noun 1) устаревшее поверье 2) amer. особенность произношения, манера одеваться, привычки, свойственные определенному кругу людей 3) amer. модное словечко, имеющее хождение среди определенного круга людей 4) тайный пароль ...Англо-русский словарь
6.
- 14c., from Heb. shibboleth "flood, stream," in Judges xii:4-6, the password used by the Gileadites to distinguish their own men from fleeing Ephraimites, because Ephraimites could not prounounce the -sh- sound. Figurative sense of "watchword" is first recorded 1638, and it evolved to "outmoded slogan still adhered to." A similar test-word was cicera "chick pease," used by the Italians to identify the French (who could not pronounce it correctly) during the massacre called the Sicilian Vespers (1282). ...Английский Этимологический словарь
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